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Francisco Menéndez Márquez
Francisco Menéndez Márquez y Posada (died 1649) was a royal treasurer (''teosoro real'') and interim co-governor of Spanish Florida, and the founder of a cattle ranching enterprise that became the largest in Florida.
==Treasurer and acting governor==
Francisco Menéndez Márquez's father was Juan Menéndez Márquez, also royal treasurer〔Provinces in the Spanish Empire had a royal treasury controlled by a set of ''officiales reales'' (royal officials). The officials of the royal treasury included up to four positions: a ''tesorero'' (treasurer), who guarded money on hand and made payments; a ''contador'' (accountant or comptroller), who recorded income and payments, maintained records, and interpreted royal instructions; a ''factor'', who guarded weapons and supplies belonging to the king, and disposed of tribute collected in the province; and a ''veedor'' (overseer), who was responsible for contacts with native inhabitants of the province, and collected the king's share of any war booty. The ''factor'' and ''veedor'' were combined as a ''factor/veedor'' from the establishment of Spanish Florida in 1565. In 1628 the position of ''factor/veedor'' was eliminated in Florida, and the position's duties given to the treasurer, renamed treasurer-steward. The treasury officials were appointed by the king, and were largely independent of the authority of the governor. Treasury officials were supposed to be paid out of the income from the province, but Spanish Florida had almost no income, and the salaries of the treasury officials were paid out of the ''situado'', a royal subsidy. Treasury officials were normally prohibited from engaging in income-producing activities, but those restrictions were partially lifted and largely ignored in Florida.(Bushnell 1981: 1–2, 129; Chipman; Parry: 202–203)〕 and interim co-governor of Spanish Florida. Francisco's mother was María Menéndez y Posada.〔Juan Menéndez Márquez was the nephew or cousin (or, by some accounts, the illegitimate son) of Pedro Menéndez Márquez, royal governor of Spanish Florida from 1577 to 1594. Pedro arranged for Juan to marry Pedro's niece, María Menéndez y Posada. María and Juan were betrothed in 1593, when she was only 12 years old, and married three years later, in 1596. (Pedro Menéndez Márquez was the nephew of Pedro Menéndez de Avilés, ''adelantado'' of Spanish Florida and the founder of St. Augustine.)(Bushnell 1978: 412)(Bushnell 1981: 18)〕 Juan, after serving as royal treasurer in Spanish Florida for 22 years, was appointed governor of Popayán Province (in present-day Colombia) in 1620. Francisco had become his father's assistant and acting treasurer when Juan went to Spain on a leave of absence in 1619, and Francisco continued to perform the duties of treasurer in his father's absence. Juan died in 1627, and Francisco was confirmed as his replacement as treasurer-steward the following year.〔Bushnell 1981: 146〕 Francisco went to Mexico City three times to collect the annual ''situado'' (the royal subsidy for the presidio of St. Augustine): in 1627, while still acting treasurer, and in 1631 and 1632. Francisco was suspended from his office in 1637, and reinstated in 1639. To deal with the duties added to his position in 1628, Francisco appointed his uncle Alonso Menéndez y Posada as steward in 1630. Alonso served as steward until Francisco's suspension in 1637, again from 1639 until 1646, when he was briefly replaced, and finally from 1647 until 1649.〔Bushnell 1981: 129, 146-147〕
When governor Benito Ruíz de Salazar Vallecilla was suspended from office in 1646, Francisco Menéndez Márquez and acting accountant Pedro Horruytiner Benedit acted as co-governors until Salazar Vallecilla was returned to office in 1648.〔On the death or absence of a governor, the treasury officials often jointly governed Florida until a new governor appointed by the king could take up his duties. Francisco thus served as interim co-governor with Pedro Horruytiner Benedit after the suspension of Salazar Vallecilla in 1646-1648,(Bushnell 1978: 418) and his father, Juan, did so (with factor/overseer Alonso de las Alas and accountant Bartolomé de Argüelles) in 1595-1597. Other joint interim governor-ships occurred in 1612-1613 and 1631-1633.()〕 After being suspended, Salazar Vallecilla retreated to his farm near San Miguel de Asile.〔
A few years after Francisco's death, the royal treasury in St. Augustine was audited, and it was found that between 16,000 and 20,000 pesos were missing (Francisco's salary as treasurer was 1,470 pesos a year).〔Bushnell 1991: 124〕
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